A. Skimming and Scanning
Skimming
and scanning are two specific speed-reading techniques, which enable you to
cover a vast amount of material very rapidly. These techniques are similar in
process but different in purpose. Quickly "looking over" an article
is neither skimming nor scanning. Both require specific steps to be followed.
1 Skimming
Skimming is a
method of rapidly moving the eyes over text with the purpose of getting only the main ideas
and a general overview of the content. According
to Anderson (1969:62) skimming is not a haphazard, slipshod method of glossing
over reading material. It is an efficient, speedy technique for finding facts
in minimum amount of time. It is specific method of attacking a reading problem
and would be efficient reader needs master the technique.
I. Skimming is useful in three different situations.
a) Pre-reading--Skimming
is more thorough than simple previewing and
can give a more accurate picture of text to be read later.
b) Reviewing--Skimming
is useful for reviewing text already read.
c) Reading--Skimming is
most often used for quickly reading material
that, for any number of reasons, does not need more detailed attention.
II. Steps
in skimming an article
a) Read the title--it is
the shortest possible summary of the content.
b) Read the introduction or lead-in
paragraph.
c) Read the first
paragraph completely.
d) If there are subheadings, read
each one, looking for relationships among
them.
e) Read the first
sentence of each remaining paragraph.
B. Scanning
Scanning
rapidly covers a great deal of material in order to locate a specific fact or piece of information. Scanning is useful technique, use it
to judge material after a rapid inspection; use it to obtain the overall
structure of an article; use it to determine a line of argument, a point of
view. The important point is keep using it and to incorporate into your basic
reading skills. Durston (1969:66)
I. Scanning is very useful for finding a specific name, date,
statistic, or fact without
reading the entire article.
II. Steps in scanning an article.
a) Keep in mind at all
times what it is you are searching for. If you hold the image of the word or idea
clearly in mind, it is likely to appear
more clearly than the surrounding words.
b) Anticipate in
what form the information is likely to appear-- numbers, proper nouns, etc.
c) Analyze the
organization of the content before starting to scan.
d) If material is
familiar or fairly brief, you may be able to scan the entire article in a single
search.
e) If the material is
lengthy or difficult, a preliminary skimming may be necessary to determine
which part of the article to scan.
f) Let your eyes
run rapidly over several lines of print at a time.
g) When
you find the sentence that has the information you seek, read the entire
sentence.
III.In scanning, you must be willing to skip over large
sections of text without reading
or understanding them.
IV. Scanning can be done at 1500 or more
words per minute.
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